Pakistan and India free essay sample

The importance of the Indian Empire to Britain: politically, commercially and culturally. British rule in India, c1900-14 and its impact on Indians and the British living in India; the Morley-Minto reforms. a) SpecHow far do Sources 8, 9 and 10 suggest that in the early twentieth century the British Raj was an oppressive regime? Jan 09How far do these sources suggest that the aim of British rule in India was to ‘elevate’ the Indian people (Source 9, line 1)? Jan 10How far do Sources 10, 11 and 12 suggest that British rule in India, in the years before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, was based on the respect and support of the Indian people? Jan 11How far do sources 10, 11 and 12 suggest that, in the years 1900-20, Indian nationalism and the desire for constitutional change were confined to an educated elite? Jan 12How far do the sources suggest that, in the years before the First World War, Indian people resented the influence of the Raj? b) Jan 09 Do you agree with the view that the emergence of militant nationalism in India in the years before the First World War was fuelled mainly by Lord Curzon’s ‘rejection of the privileged few’ (Source 14, line 33)? Jan 10Do you agree with the view that Indian desires for independence from Britain were caused mainly by the impact of the First World War? The significance of the First World War on the relationship between Britain and India: the impact of the Rowlatt Acts and the Amritsar Massacre on Britain and India; consultation and conflict in the 1920s and 1930s. The rise of nationalism in India: development of Congress and growing importance of the Muslim League; Gandhi, Nehru and Jinnah to 1939; attitudes towards nationalist ideas and independence both among the British in India and the indigenous populations. a) Jun 09How far does the evidence of Sources 11 and 12 support the judgement of the Hunter Committee presented in Source 10? Jun 11How far do Sources 10, 11 and 12 suggest that the Amritsar Massacre created widespread and long-lasting hostility among Indians towards British rule? b) SpecDo you agree with the view that, in the 1930s, the most significant obstacle to Indian self-government was the Indians themselves? Jan 09Do you agree with the view that, by 1940, the main obstacle to Indian independence was not British imperialism, but the divisions within India? Jun 09Do you agree with the view that the progress that had been made towards Indian independence by 1939 owed little to the methods and leadership provided by Gandhi? Jan 10Do you agree with the view that Indian desires for independence from Britain were caused mainly by the impact of the First World War? Jun 10Do you agree with the view that, in the years 1919–39, the British worked consistently to create a peaceful, self-governing India? Jun 10Do you agree with the view that, in the years 1900–47, British attitudes towards Indian independence were dictated mainly by Britain’s economic needs? Jan 11Do you agree with the view that in the years 1900-47, economic development in India was directed by British needs rather than Indian interests? Jan 11Do you agree with the view that, in they years 1900-45, political hostility between Hindus and Muslims in India was created and maintained by British influence? Jun 11Do you agree with the view that Gandhi lacked the political skills required to lead India to independence in the years 1920–45? Jan 12Do you agree with the view that the civil disobedience campaigns in the periods between the two world wars made India ungovernable? Do you agree with the view that, in the period 1900-39, the major hindrance to Indian independence was divisions among the Indian people themselves? Do you agree with the view that in the period 1900-1939 Congress never came close to toppling the Raj? Do you agree with the view that Gandhi was at heart a vain man who wanted Indian freedom on his own term and through his own methods? To what extent did the Government of India Act of 1935 have only limited success because it was an inadequate response to the situation in India in the 1930s? How far were the personal ambitions of Muhammad Ali Jinnah responsible for the demand for a separate Muslim State? How significant was Gandhi’s contribution to the promotion and achievement of Indian Independence in the years 1920–47? The impact of the Second World War; economic and political imperatives in Britain and India driving independence; the role of Mountbatten; the decision to partition and the immediate consequences of that decision. a) Jun 10How far do Sources 10, 11 and 12 suggest that the main responsibility for the failure of the Cabinet Mission of 1946 lay with Mohammed Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League? b) SpecDo you agree with the view that the impact of the Second World War was the main driving force behind the British government’s decision to grant independence to India? Jun 09Do you agree with the view that the violence and brutality associated with the partition of India was mainly the fault of the ‘indecent haste’ with which Britain carried out the last stages of Independence (Source 16, line 42)? Jan 10Do you agree with the view that the Partition of India was caused mainly by the impact of the Second World War? Jun 10Do you agree with the view that, in the years 1900–47, British attitudes towards Indian independence were dictated mainly by Britain’s economic needs? Jan 11Do you agree with the view that in the years 1900-47, economic development in India was directed by British needs rather than Indian interests? Jan 11Do you agree with the view that, in the years 1900-45, political hostility between Hindus and Muslims in India was created and maintained by British influence? Jun 11Do you agree with the view that Gandhi lacked the political skills required to lead India to independence in the years 1920–45? Jun 11Do you agree with the view that the main responsibility for the hasty and violent partition of India in 1947 lay with Lord Mountbatten? Jan 12Do you agree with the view that it was primarily the events in India during the Second World War that brought about the British decision to leave India in 1947? Do you agree with the view that the decision to grant India independence in 1947 was motivated by British self-interest? How far does military power explain Britain’s control of the Indian subcontinent in the years 1918–47?